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Vladimir Socor,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], an energy analyst based in Germany, told Washington audience Monday planned new pipelines will consolidate Russia's position as a leading supplier of oil and gas to Western Europe. VOA's Barry Wood has more.
Socor says that oil and gas pipelines advocated by Russia in the Balkans will add to Western Europe's dependence on Russian supplied energy. Concerning oil,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he said the planned pipeline between Bulgaria and Greece is a major success for Russia as it will be the only Russian controlled pipeline within the European Union. The deal was agreed last year and construction is expected to begin soon. The pipeline would carry oil from Kazakhstan by tankers across the Black Sea to Bulgaria and then Greece, from which it would be sent to world markets.
Socor told an audience at Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies that Moscow hopes for a similar success in gas. Its plan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is to build the South Stream Pipeline under the Black Sea to Bulgaria and Western Europe. Socor said a competing European Union proposed gas line from Central Asia called Nabucco is losing support.
"With Nabucco's real prospects dwindling,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Turkey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], like Austria, like the Hungarian government,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and like Bulgaria are losing confidence in Nabucco and are opting for the only alternative visible to them,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which is South Stream,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," he said.
Socor said Nabucco, intended to carry mostly Turkmenistan gas across Turkey to the Balkans, will happen only if the European Union and the United States give the project high level support.
Socor said through pipelines Russia is gaining control over the export of oil and gas from the former Soviet republics in Central Asia. "Russia is combining Central Asian gas reserves with its own gas reserves into a single pool under Russian commercial and physical control to supply both Russia and Europe,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," he said.
Turkmenistan is Central Asia's biggest gas exporter and Kazakhstan is the biggest oil exporter.
To counter what he sees as a potentially dangerous European dependence on Russian energy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Socor advocates a dialogue with Iran,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which could lead to Iranian gas being supplied to the Nabucco pipeline. Such a dialogue is opposed by the United States.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

So-called superbacteria in Korea that are resistant to antibiotics originated in Japan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a study says. Song Jae-hoon and Ko Kwan-soo of Sungkyunkwan University��s School of Medicine found that genes of the variety of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) here originated in Japan. The two released their study in the U.S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on Tuesday.
Superbacteria are created when pathogenic germs mutate as a result of abuse of antibiotics. The research team analyzed 135 varieties of MRSA genes collected from 22 countries in Europe,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Africa,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Asia and the Americas,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], discovering that MRSA in Korea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Taiwan and Hong Kong originated in Japan.
"In the process of the research,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we found that the MRSA issue caused by the abuse of antibiotics is never a matter of a single country,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],�� Ko said. ��So we need international cooperation to handle the issue of antibiotic abuse."
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

Russia has decided to write off more than 90 percent of the US$8 billion it is owed by North Korea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Russian government officials said on the condition of anonymity Monday. That is more than the 80 percent initially agreed in bilateral negotiations between Moscow and Pyongyang in the Russian capital in December.
According to sources,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Russian chief negotiator to the six-party nuclear talks Alexander Loshukov told his South Korean counterpart Chun Young-woo about the debt write-off plan when Chun was in Moscow on Feb. 1. At the time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Russian vice foreign minister explained that Russia had reached an agreement with North Korea already and the debt write-off could be used as leverage when the six-party attempts to end North Korea��s nuclear program in return for energy aid hit a snag. Some observers speculate that Russia��s greater debt write-off is motivated by a desire to reduce its share in paying for the energy aid.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

Chinese Red Cross volunteers hold a banner reading "Red Ribbon China AIDS prevention promotion train" at the Beijing train station in the Chinese capital, Wednesday Nov 30,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2005
China's attitude toward AIDS and the HIV virus that causes it has changed dramatically since it finally admitted two years ago that the country was facing a serious problem. Now the government in Beijing is eager to prove it is tackling the spread of the virus. However, many say the work being done in China is far from enough.
In Beijing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], an appreciative audience is watching the premier of "Living Positive", a docudrama on HIV/AIDS. Inspired by real stories of people living with the disease, the production is a collaboration between foreign and Chinese AIDS activist groups.
The film will be distributed across China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as an educational tool in the fight against the disease.
Isolda Morillo directed "Living Positive" for the Chinese HIV/AIDS Information Network. She says it is vital to raise awareness of the disease among Chinese people.
"I interviewed many people about HIV/AIDS," said Ms. Morillo. "They all said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 'There is little education, people don't know about this'. A lot of people said 'I am not a person who is sexually active but a few times it was unsafe, so I got contaminated, if I only had known how to prevent it.' So maybe we need to talk about this, because it is urgent."
Ms. Morillo agrees that compared to a few years ago, China has come a long way in tackling the spread of the virus. At least now, she says,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a film such as hers can be shown in schools and factories to help educate people.
In 2003, for the first time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Beijing admitted it had a serious problem with the disease. International media reports on the numbers living with the virus in China helped push the country out of the closet.
That year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao was photographed shaking hands with an AIDS patient in a Beijing hospital - conveying a message that the country should eliminate the stigma against HIV/AIDS sufferers.
China says it has 840,000 HIV/AIDS cases among its 1.3 billion population, but experts believe the number is much higher.
The WHO has said the virus is spreading rapidly through China and estimates 10-million people may be infected there by 2010.
But, ahead of The World AIDS day (December 1), the Chinese Health Ministry has pledged to keep the number of people infected to below 1.5 million by 2010,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], through strong preventive measures.
Health Minister Gao Qiang told reporters Wednesday halting the spread of the disease is essential for the country's development. "AIDS prevention work is an issue relating to the quality of the population, economic development,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], social stability and the rise or decline of the country,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," he saidl
Intravenous drug use and unsafe sex are the main channels for the spread of the virus in China.
Li Bian, an editor with the China Sexology Association, thinks sex education in rural China is currently inadequate.
"I am surprised there are people who still don't know anything about safe sex - this is very basic information. In China there are a lot of sex workers, but this considered a gray area; the government hasn't touched it much,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," he said. "Sure there are some experimental projects,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as giving these sex workers an AIDS test,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or handing them condoms, but overall, the effort is still lacking."
China's current measures to prevent the virus spreading and help those infected include free medication for AIDS patients, cracking down on drug related crimes, and tightening up on blood donation procedures.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

Deputy Foreign Minister Song Min-soon on Friday warned the fourth round of six-party talks on North Korea��s nuclear program could be a "long process,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]."
Song is South Korea��s chief negotiator at the talks scheduled to resume after a year-long hiatus on July 26 in Beijing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
"It will be difficult to reach some sort of agreement in the short term,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],�� Song said. ��To achieve substantive results,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we have to leave a back door open." He said the other countries in the talks will have to reach agreement after discussions resume on the purpose and direction they want the negotiations to take. In recent days fissures have appeared in the unity of participating countries,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with the U.S. saying it wants to bring up North Korea��s human rights record and Japan hoping to raise Pyongyang��s abductions of Japanese people.
This is the third time since North Korea announced its return to the six-party talks on July 8 that Song has warned against expecting too much from the next round. On July 9,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he said groundless optimism played into the hands of the pessimists,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and two days later he likened hopes of reaching substantive agreement at the talks to the chances of finding beer in a barley field.
The government is sending an eight-man delegation team to Beijing headed by Song and Foreign Ministry nuclear task force team head Cho Tae-yong as deputy. It will also send a working-level team consisting of 17 Foreign Ministry,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Unification Ministry and National Security Council officials.
Meanwhile,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the first meeting on July 26 will be free of the three or four hours of keynote addresses by each national delegation that ushered in previous rounds. "China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the host nation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], proposed that the keynote talks take place on July 27�� after the parties get to fine-tune their positions in bilateral talks,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],�� a Foreign Ministry official said. North Korea frequently used the keynote addresses to attack the U.S. in previous rounds.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

The average annual temperature of the East Sea is rising by 0.06 degrees Celsius and the sea level is rising by 6.4 mm every year, a study has found.
Compared to other countries where average temperatures and sea levels are rising by 0.04 degrees and 3.1 mm a year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Korean peninsula seems to be more affected by global warming.
The Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute said on Monday that the average surface temperature of the East Sea has increased by 0,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].06 degrees every year on average since 1985,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The sea level at the coast rose an average of 6,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].5 mm since 1998.
The temperature of the sea rose by 2 degrees over the last 100 years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the institute said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it showed a rapid rise in a short period after the 1940s and again after the 1980s. The temperature rise was highest in the northwest area of the sea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], near the North Korean coast.
The sea level along the coasts of Korea and Japan rose by 3.2 mm a year over the past 30 years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but over the last nine years it rose by 6.5 mm a year, double the normal rate.
Lee Jae-hak,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the researcher who prepared the report,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "It is more urgent for the government and politicians to prepare essential countermeasures based on accurate studies and predictions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], rather than focusing on measures to cope with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change."
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

The EU has decided not to slap Korean cathode ray tube color televisions with antidumping duties. The Foreign Affairs and Trade Ministry said Tuesday the European Commission decided not to impose antidumping tariffs on Korean,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Chinese,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Malaysian and Thai cathode ray tube color TVs. The European Commission told the Korean mission to the EU in Brussels late last year that European appliance makers complained about dumping practices of Asian TV makers. The commission immediately launched an investigation. Korea��s exports of CRT TVs to the EU surged from US$6.4 million in 2004 to US$39 million last year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], consisting mostly of large TVs bigger than 29 inches.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

Koreans can visit Japan visa-free for 90 days starting in March,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Tokyo announced Monday. The move extends a temporary visa waiver for the World Expo there in place since last March. A visa is still required for long-term stays and work.
��We welcome the Japanese government��s decision,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],�� a Foreign Ministry spokesman said. ��We hope that the decision will serve as an opportunity to facilitate human and cultural exchanges between the two countries and to improve mutual understanding and friendship.��
Now that Japan has agreed to waive the visa,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], many hope the U.S. will follow suit.
U,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].S,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. President George Bush after a meeting with his Korean counterpart Roh Moo-hyun last November told Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to look at ways of including South Korea in his country��s visa waiver list,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
For Korea to be included,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the country has to record a visa refusal rate of less than 3 percent for at least two years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], i.e. this year and the next,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to Michael Kirby,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a consul general at the U.S. Embassy. That would mean Koreans have to wait until at least 2008. The current refusal rate stands at 3.2 percent.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

Hyundai Motor��s new Grandeur Q240 will hit the market Thursday. The four-cylinder mid-level sedan resembles the current Grandeur 2.7 but is lighter and boasts improved fuel efficiency,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], running 10.4 km on one liter of gasoline.
Hyundai Motor��s new Grandeur Q240
Hyundai expects the Q240 to appeal to drivers looking for an economical and practical sedan. The price ranges from W25.13 million to W26.81 million (US$1=W946),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], less than her sister model Sonata 2.4 or Samsung-Renault��s rival SM7. With the release of the Q240,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Grandeur will come in four versions based on engine displacement: the 2.4,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2.7,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 3.3 and 3.8.
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The anxious public is now looking forward to a likely Bank of Korea rate cut on Thursday following the lead of central banks in the United States and Europe that are getting close to zero-percent interest rates.

[yuvsgvoand]

George Bush, delivering his 2006 State of the Union address President Bush,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in his annual State of the Union address to Congress Tuesday, described Iran as a nation held hostage by a small clerical elite that is isolating and repressing its people. It is, he said, a regime "that must come to an end."
Mr. Bush said the government of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is defying the world with its nuclear ambitions, and said other nations must not permit Tehran to develop nuclear weapons.
In remarks to the people of Iran, the president said: "We respect you and we respect your country. And our nation hopes one day to be the closest of friends with a free and democratic Iran."
Mr. Bush said the United States is on the offensive in Iraq, but said "our work there is difficult, because our enemy is brutal." However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he said the brutality of insurgents has not stopped what he called the dramatic progress of a new democracy.
He also heralded the advance of democratic reform across the broader Middle East, singling out last year's multi-party presidential elections in Egypt.
The president called on the Palestinian militant group Hamas, which swept to power in elections last week, to disarm and to recognize Israel. He urged the Islamist group to reject terrorism and to work for a lasting peace.
Mr. Bush says America must remain engaged around the world, and reject what he called "the false comforts of isolationism".
Says US is Addicted to Oil
President Bush says America has a "serious problem" of being addicted to oil, often imported from unstable parts of the world.
He said the best way to break this dependence is through technology to produce cleaner, cheaper, and more reliable energy sources.
He said the country is on the brink of "incredible advances,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," and announced an initiative to push for breakthroughs.
He said the country will invest more in coal, solar, wind,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and nuclear technology to power homes and offices.
And he said it will step up research to find better ways of powering automobiles. He said goals include pollution-free cars that run on hydrogen, and new ways of producing ethanol.
He announced a goal of replacing 75 percent of the country's oil imports from the Middle East by 2025.
The president said the United States is committed to the long-term goal of ending tyranny in the world. He said in a time of testing by terrorists,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the U. S. cannot find security by abandoning its commitments and retreating within its borders.
In the opening remarks of his speech,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Mr. Bush paid tribute to Coretta Scott King, the widow of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Mrs. King died early Tuesday.
The speech comes at the start of an election year in the United States,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as Mr. Bush's Republican Party battles to keep control of Congress. A newly published (NBC News/Wall Street Journal) opinion poll shows the president's approval rating is now at only 39 percent.
Mr. Bush said the U.S. cannot find security by retreating within its borders, and rejects what he called the false comfort of isolationism.
He said America would signal that it no longer believes in its own ideals if it allows radical Islam to work its will.
Support for Democratic Reform in Middle East
Mr. Bush said the United States supports democratic reform in the Middle East.
He said elections are vital, but that they are only a beginning. He said raising a democracy requires rule of law, protection of minorities, and strong,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], accountable institutions.
He said the Egyptian government should, in his words, "open paths of peaceful opposition that will reduce the appeal of radicalism."
He said Hamas, the winner of last week's Palestinian elections, must recognize Israel, disarm, reject terrorism, and work for lasting peace.
He said Saudi Arabia has taken the first steps of reform, and should press forward with those efforts.
And he said the world must not allow Iran's regime to gain nuclear weapons. He described Iran as a nation held hostage by a small clerical elite,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and said America respects the Iranian people's right to choose their own future.
He said the U.S. remains on the offensive against terror networks. He said U.S. forces have killed or captured many terrorist leaders, adding that "for the others,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], their day will come."
He said the U.S. remains on the offensive in Afghanistan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], where he said a president and national assembly are building a new democracy.
And he said the U.S. is on the offensive in Iraq,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with a clear plan for victory that includes reconstruction efforts and the building of an inclusive government. He said Iraqi forces are increasingly capable of defeating insurgents.
He said he is confident in the plan for victory.
Bush Again Defends Eavesdropping Program
President Bush again defended the controversial warrantless eavesdropping program by the National Security Agency, saying it has helped prevent terrorist attacks.
The president said the program is legal under his authority granted by the constitution and by statute. He said members of Congress have been kept informed about it.
The president also asked Congress to re-authorize the Patriot Act, saying law enforcement officials deserve the same tools they already use to fight drug trafficking and organized crime.
In developing nations, the president said the United States is working to encourage economic progress and fight disease. He cited action to fight AIDS and malaria, improve the education of girls, fight human trafficking and reward developing nations that are moving forward with political and economic reforms.
The Democratic party response to the president's speech will be delivered by Virginia Governor Timothy Kaine.
VOA News
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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.

[yuvsgvoand]

Korea��s largest oil refiner SK Corp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. has acquired 30-40 percent stakes in four maritime blocks off northeast Britain to join a North Sea energy exploration project,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. British oil developer Nautical Petroleum has the rights to prospect for oil and gas in the area,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
It is the first time the Korean company has joined an exploration project in Europe,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. It is investigating the blocks and plans to start drilling in 2007 or 2008,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].

SK Corp. has taken part in energy resource explorations in Asia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Africa and South America,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with the new deal increasing the number of overseas mining areas where it prospects for oil and gas to 22 in 12 nations.
An affiliate of Swiss oil company Masefield Energy Holdings,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Nautical Petroleum is active in the energy exploration and development business in Britain and other European countries.

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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.

[yuvsgvoand]

North Korea has agreed to reopen and complete an investigation of its bizarre abduction of Japanese citizens in the 1970s and 80s by this fall,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], under a deal with Japan in the framework of the six-party nuclear talks that ended in Shenyang,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], China on Wednesday. To ensure the trustworthiness of the investigation, the two countries agreed on three points: prompt investigation by an “authoritative committee” in North Korea; North Korea's obligation frequently to inform Japan of the interim results; and Japanese officials' verification of the results based on interviews with people concerned and visits to locations.
Japan promised to lift two kinds of sanctions on North Korea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], on mutual visits and exchange of charter flights, the moment the investigation committee is launched.
If North Korea completes the investigation and Japan accepts the results,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Tokyo-Pyongyang talks on normalization of bilateral diplomatic relations, which have been stalled, will probably resume and Japan will join other countries in the six-party talks in providing heavy fuel oil for North Korea. Japan has declined to help unless there is progress in the abduction issue.
Japanese Foreign Minister Masahiko Komura said the agreement represents “progress,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], because we've moved toward the stage of action for action."
Kyoko Nakayama,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a special adviser to Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda on the abduction issue,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said, "It's a new development for North Korea to agree to take concrete action." She speaks for the families of the abduction victims and Japanese conservatives.
A total of 48 Japanese victims will be subject to the investigation -- 12 whose abduction has been confirmed by the Japanese government, and 36 others who the Investigation Commission on Missing Japanese Probably Related to North Korea (COMJAN),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a Japanese civic group,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], suspects were abducted. The Japanese government earlier officially confirmed North Korea's abduction of 17 Japanese nationals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], five of whom have already returned to Japan.
Of the 12 whose abduction has been confirmed by Tokyo,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Pyongyang claims eight died and four never arrived in North Korea.
North Korea agreed to reinvestigate the abduction issue and Japan to partially lift economic sanctions in June,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but the two sides have been discussing verification until now.
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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.

[yuvsgvoand]

During the oil shock of 25 years ago,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Japanese car makers made huge inroads into the American market with their fuel-efficient compact cars. Incensed American autoworkers in Detroit, the motor city, took every opportunity to rain abuse upon Japanese autos. They even relieved their stress at charity events by paying to smash a Japanese car with a sledgehammer. And yet despite the crisis and the many predictions that Toyota was about to defeat GM to become the world's top car maker, the American company was able to retain its lead position.
Now, 25 years later,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in the spring of 2007,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Toyota has finally donned the crown. It is the world's biggest automaker. In the first quarter of the year, Toyota sold 2.35 million cars and trucks around the world,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 109,000 units more than GM. With the exception of two production failures caused by strikes in the 1970s and 1980s, it is the first time that GM has lost its lead since 1931. So what do the people of Detroit think now?
In a message posted to the website of a local newspaper,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a resident of Detroit wrote, "Toyota is investing its profits in Japan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not in the United States. America,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], rise up!" Another resident wrote, "Toyota is the best." Another said, "We dominated for a century,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it won't be so bad to be in second place for a year. Let's work hard!" One lament in particular stood out: "The only mistake we made was working hard every day..."
Many Motor City residents are discussing how to put GM back on top, but it seems the more they talk about the situation, the more frustrated they become.
So as to avoid throwing fuel on the fire of American patriotism, Toyota has been keeping a low profile about the situation. Despite the increase in the number of cars manufactured in Japan being exported to the U.S., Toyota has been stressing the message that the Toyota cars produced at the eight Toyota plants in the U.S. are "made in U.S.A."
It took 50 years from the time that Toyota began first selling cars in America until it took the top position. Germany dominated the car industry from the final days of the 19th century until the U.S. took and held the lead from the 1910s to the 1970s. Japan pushed its way in during the 1980s, and the U.S. came back in the 1990s. Now the lead has passed again to Japan. So how did Toyota do it?
The most important factor was international oil prices. During the times of high oil prices in the 1980s and 2000s, the tables turned in favor of the Japanese car makers, whose strength is compacts. But what made Toyota stand out was an internal achievement -- its structural competitiveness -- and not the external variable of oil prices.
Toyota has become the world's top car maker 70 years after its founding thanks to the "Toyota method" of reducing logistical costs by supplying cars and parts just in time to meet outside orders, its close "win-win" relationships with affiliated companies,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and its labor union,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which hasn't gone on strike for 55 years. The "Big Three" American car makers have lost to Toyota in all these categories.
Toyota's prosperity of course only deepens the agony of Detroit. But most Americans don't seem to share the city's pain as much as they did 25 years ago. Japanese car makers' have been increasing their market share not only in metropolitan areas like New York in the east and Los Angeles and San Francisco in the west,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but also in the more conservative and rural regions of Texas in the south and Michigan and Illinois in the north. While the South Korean car makers might be envious of the praises sung for Toyota recently,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they would do well to reflect on why people are singing those songs and just what they really mean.
This column was contributed by Kim Key-hoon, the Chosun Ilbo��s correspondent in New York.相关的主题文章：


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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.

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U.S. President Barack Obama recently telephoned key Republican lawmakers asking for their cooperation. In the near future he is scheduled to attend a meeting of Republican members of the House of Representatives. His chief of staff, advisors and economic assistants are contacting Republican congressmen, and Republican lawmakers said they have received more telephone calls from the Obama team than they did from the Bush administration, according to the New York Times.
On Wednesday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the day after Obama's inauguration, the Republican Party decided to cooperate with the confirmation of treasury secretary-designate Timothy Geithner,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], whose failure to pay taxes was exposed in the process of his hearing. The party has also decided to confirm secretary of state-designate Hillary Clinton,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], whose designation is controversial due to overseas contributions her husband, former president Clinton,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has received. The party was roundly defeated after eight years in power but could make a fuss over the nominations. Instead, it has chosen to cooperate,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], reasoning that the economic crisis is not time to indulge in partisan interests.
Obama has provided the atmosphere. On the eve of his inauguration,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he hosted a dinner in honor of Senator John McCain, the Republican presidential candidate,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], where he applauded McCain as a patriot who has served the U.S. throughout his life. Republican congressmen said they were moved and impressed.
It is not because the majority Democrats are weak that the Obama camp has stepped forward to embracing the Republicans. The Democrats have 58 percent of the Senate and 59 percent of the House of Representatives and could,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if they wanted, dispose of any bills unilaterally. But if it does that,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], politics would become a battlefield,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and it would be more difficult to overcome the economic crisis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and it would do little to restore social harmony. Obama��s politics of integration and inclusion is a pragmatic choice made to avoid this.
But in Korea, politics runs the opposite course. It has been a long time since the president or the ruling party attempted to persuade the opposition camp. The administration,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in reshuffling the Cabinet lately, didn't give any advance notice to the ruling party, let alone consultation. It has even less room to pay attention to winning the hearts and minds of the opposition. The ruling camp seems to trust the strength of the Grand National Party alone, since it occupies 58 percent of parliamentary seats. The opposition, on the other hand, is preoccupied with a struggle against any and all government initiatives. Then result could be social discontent and conflict. We have to find ways of restoring a politics of compromise, reconciliation and inclusion. The initiative should be taken by the president.
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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.

[yuvsgvoand]

Former Uri Party chairman Chung Dong-young on Friday said an inter-Korean summit could be pursued before August. Chung,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who visited Pyongyang in June 2005,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said North Korean leader Kim Jong-il told him a summit could be possible when there was a change in Washington��s hostile policy against the communist country. He said with the Feb. 13 agreement in the six-party nuclear talks,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the obstacles to an inter-Korean summit ��have been eliminated.��
After visiting North Korea early this month,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], former prime minister Lee Hae-chan said negotiations over the summit could take place after April,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], when it becomes clear to what degree North Korea has implemented its end of the agreement. Each presidential hopeful or potential candidate in the Uri Party or among those who defected from that party has voiced hopes of an inter-Korean summit this year before it��s too late.
Foreign Minister Song Min-soon said last Wednesday that it was possible to hold a summit if it helps resolve the North Korean nuclear standoff. But he added that this was not the right time and that the ministry had no plan and nothing to gain or lose from pursuing that goal. Last month,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at a news conference with Internet-based media,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the president said it was not the right time to discuss an inter-Korean summit and added that such a meeting would produce no results,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], since North Korea and the U.S. were in the process of reaching an agreement on several issues.
If the leaders of the two Koreas meet and agree upon something at this point in time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the top priority must be the complete resolution of the North Korean nuclear crisis. Any summit must take place only after North Korea clearly states its intent to give up its nuclear program and the meeting should serve as an opportunity to completely rid the Korean Peninsula of nuclear weapons. Holding a summit while North Korea continues to hide the full extent of its nuclear program would be just another political photo op. It would only damage the progress made through the six-party talks.
Presidential hopefuls and potential candidates in the ruling camp are counting on April or August as the best dates for a summit,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with no mention of the nuclear issue. They are just desperate to add a few more percentage points to their rock-bottom approval ratings by showing the public images of an ��emotional embrace�� between President Roh Moo-hyun and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.相关的主题文章：


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In a Democratic Party financial meeting on Wednesday, Chairman Chung Se-kyun said, "Strategy and Finance Minister Kang Man-soo, the chief government economic policy maker, has won the president's trust but not that of market players, financial officials and the people.